Flow is that state of consciousness that you experience when you are “fully in the moment” when all of your attention is focused at the task at hand. Where you feel fully alive and remember everything distinctly. Time passes slowly, yet quickly. This is the state that is associated with “optimal experience” a form of happiness by doing and experiencing.
Flow requires goals, clear feedback, balanced challenge and concentration to arise. Any activity can be turned into a flow activity: just create goals and “rules of the game” that allow for feedback and challenge.
We humans are better at handling a large number of small rewards than one large lump sum. This is the opposite of what is provided by power-law distributed activities. You fail and fail and bleed until you get a tremendous payoff. Creating rules and a game of the process can help somewhat, but only if there is no psychological torment provided by your peers. Thus the importance of having a supporting group of loved ones and friends. The rules used to provide “flow” should provide a large number of small wins, good feedback and challenge that is tweakable over time.
Pleasure is linear. We expect to be productive at activities where more input equals more output. That we are coming closer. Thus the difficulty of dealing with things that are a discovery process, where you don’t know that you’ve succeeded until hundreds or thousands of failures. One way to conquer this is to measure output, to measure trying instead of success. Knowledge is subtractive. But we need a narrative way to explain this to others.
Tunneling, focusing, is “L-mode” type thinking. It’s when you’re able to concentrate on one thing and ignore everything else. Pattern recognition and simplification rule here. You see things as you think they are, not as how they are. This state of mind makes us more vulnerable to black swans.
Defocusing is the opposite of tunneling. Sometimes it looks like undirected trial and error, purposely doing things imprecisely, combining things in unusual ways. When we think this way, we reduce our vulnerability to black swans. It also encourages creative thought, aggressive tinkering and exploitation of positive black swans.